Educational Videos
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Pretest Probability
Sensitivity & Specificity
How to Calculate the Meaning of a Positive or Negative Test Result
How Testing Works
Pretest Probability
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Episode 1: How to Approach Testing
You’ve watched this episode
Video Summary:
Probability is basis of diagnosis and testing—we are never 100% certain, there is always diagnostic uncertainty
Consider how much certainty we need to treat different diseases, say pneumonia vs. cancer
First determine pretest probability—tests then modify this
Episode 2: Pretest Probability
1:59 out of 3:31 watched
Video Summary:
Probability is basis of diagnosis and testing—we are never 100% certain, there is always diagnostic uncertainty
Consider how much certainty we need to treat different diseases, say pneumonia vs. cancer
First determine pretest probability—tests then modify this
Episode 3: Sensitivity & Specificity
1:59 out of 3:31 watched
Video Summary:
Sensitivity catches those with disease, a 90% sensitivity = a 10% miss rate
Specificity identifies those without disease, a 80% specificity= a 20% false positive rate
Tests are like people — all are different. There are a few good or bad ones but most are nuanced and best used in the right situation.
Episode 4: How to Calculate the Meaning of a Positive or Negative Test Result
1:59 out of 3:31 watched
Video Summary:
Test results make a disease more or less likely
Use natural frequencies to first consider pretest probability than the effect of sensitivity & specificity to determine the meaning of a test result.
Calculation takes practice but can be learned or provided with an online calculator like testingwisely.com
Episode 5: How Testing Works
1:59 out of 3:31 watched
Video Summary:
Pros/Cons for every test
Treatment thresholds are how likely a diagnosis must be to initiate treatment
For tests with a continuous range of results, there are different sensitivities and specificities for very high vs. high, vs. normal results
Sequential tests improve performance
Episode 6: Pretest Probability
1:59 out of 3:31 watched
Video Summary:
Pros/Cons for every test
Treatment thresholds are how likely a diagnosis must be to initiate treatment
For tests with a continuous range of results, there are different sensitivities and specificities for very high vs. high, vs. normal results
Sequential tests improve performance
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(0:38) probability & diagnostic uncertainty
(1:04) 3 Ps framework pretest probability
(1:36) interpreting positive or negative results and pros and cons of testing
(2:30) treatment threshold pneumonia diagnosis
(2:43) Pros & Cons of testing
(3:19) shared decision-making for testing
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(0:10) definition of a test(0:38) probability & diagnostic uncertainty; (1:04) 3 Ps framework pretest probabilityinterpreting positive or negative results and pros and cons of testing(1:36) treatment threshold (2:30) pneumonia diagnosis (2:43) Pros & Cons of testing (3:19) shared decision-making for testing
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(0:10) definition of a test(0:38) probability & diagnostic uncertainty; (1:04) 3 Ps framework pretest probabilityinterpreting positive or negative results and pros and cons of testing(1:36) treatment threshold (2:30) pneumonia diagnosis (2:43) Pros & Cons of testing (3:19) shared decision-making for testing
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(0:10) definition of a test(0:38) probability & diagnostic uncertainty; (1:04) 3 Ps framework pretest probabilityinterpreting positive or negative results and pros and cons of testing(1:36) treatment threshold (2:30) pneumonia diagnosis (2:43) Pros & Cons of testing (3:19) shared decision-making for testing
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(0:10) definition of a test(0:38) probability & diagnostic uncertainty; (1:04) 3 Ps framework pretest probabilityinterpreting positive or negative results and pros and cons of testing(1:36) treatment threshold (2:30) pneumonia diagnosis (2:43) Pros & Cons of testing (3:19) shared decision-making for testing
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(0:10) definition of a test(0:38) probability & diagnostic uncertainty; (1:04) 3 Ps framework pretest probabilityinterpreting positive or negative results and pros and cons of testing(1:36) treatment threshold (2:30) pneumonia diagnosis (2:43) Pros & Cons of testing (3:19) shared decision-making for testing